Friday, 8 June 2012

How are herbs used?


The use of herbal supplements has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Herbal supplements are classified as dietary supplements by the U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. That means herbal supplements -- unlike prescription drugs -- can be sold without being tested to prove they are safe and effective. However, herbal supplements must be made according to good manufacturing practices.


The most commonly used herbal supplements in the U.S. include echinacea (Echinacea purpurea and related species), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), garlic (Allium sativum), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), ginseng (Panax ginseng, or Asian ginseng; and Panax quinquefolius, or American ginseng), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), ginger (Zingiber officinale), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), and milk thistle (Silybum marianum).


Often, herbs may be used together because the combination is more effective and may have fewer side effects. Health care providers must take many factors into account when recommending herbs, including the species and variety of the plant, the plant's habitat, how it was stored and processed, and whether or not there are contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides).




How do herbs work?


In many cases, scientists aren' t sure what specific ingredient in a particular herb works to treat a condition or illness. Whole herbs contain many ingredients, and they may work together to produce a beneficial effect. Many factors determine how effective an herb will be. For example, the type of environment (climate, bugs, soil quality) in which a plant grew will affect it, as will how and when it was harvested and processed.


What is the history of herbal medicine?


Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3,000 BC. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used. Researchers found that people in different parts of the world tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes.


In the early 19th century, when chemical analysis first became available, scientists began to extract and modify the active ingredients from plants. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds and, over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of drugs. Almost one fourth of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from botanicals.


Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. In Germany, about 600 - 700 plant based medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70% of German physicians. In the past 20 years in the United States, public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in herbal medicine use.


what is herbal medicine?


Herbal medicine -- also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine -- refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Herbalism has a long tradition of use outside of conventional medicine. It is becoming more mainstream as improvements in analysis and quality control along with advances in clinical research show the value of herbal medicine in the treating and preventing disease.

some well known species of herbal plants are.........




  • Alkanet
  • Aloe Vera plant
  • Anise
  • Apple
  • Arnica
  • Artichoke
  • Asparagus
  • Banana
  • Barberry
  • Barley
  • Bark
  • Bastard Balm
  • Basil
  • Bean
  • Bilberry Bush
  • Bindweed
  • Birch Tree
  • Birthwort
  • Black Currant
  • Black Mulberry
  • Black Locust
  • Brier
  • Brooklime
  • Buckthorn
  • Buckwheat
  • Burdock
  • Butterbur
  • Caraway
  • Castor Oil
  • Celandine
  • Celery
  • Chamomile
  • Chervil
  • Chicory
  • Cider
  • Clover
  • Clubmoss
  • Cocklebur
  • Common Hazel
  • Coneflower
  • Coriander
  • Cornel Tree
  • Cornflower
  • Cowslip
  • Dandelion
  • Danewort
  • Durmast
  • Elecampane
  • Elder
  • Endives
  • European_Silver_Fir
  • Fennel
  • Fern
  • Figwort
  • Garlic
  • Garden Angelica
  • Gentian
  • Ginkgo Biloba
  • Ginseng
  • Hemp Agrimony
  • Hornbeam
  • Horseradish
  • Horsetail
  • Hot Pepper
  • Iris
  • Jasmine
  • Lady's Mantle
  • Laurel
  • Lavender
  • Linden Tree
  • Lemon
  • Pansy
  • Pot Marigold
  • Marijuana
  • Marjoram
  • Marsh Mallow
  • Meadow Sage
  • MeadowSweet
  • Milfoil
  • Milk thistle
  • Milkwort
  • Mint
  • Mistletoe
  • Mullein
  • Mustard
  • Nettle 
  • Oat
  • Onion 
  • Parsley
  • Parsnip
  • Patience Dock
  • Peach
  • Pepper
  • Privet
  • Pumpkin
  • Rattle
  • Redcurrant
  • Red Poppy 
  • Roadweed
  • Rockcap Fern 
  • Rosemary
  • Rye
  • Saltcedar
  • Savory
  • Sea Buckthorn
  • Sesame
  • Shepherd's Purse
  • Silverweed
  • Small daisies
  • Spinach
  • Soy
  • Tansy
  • Thyme
  • Thorn apple
  • Underbrush
  • Wheat
  • Wild Strawberry
  • White Lily
  • Wood Avens
  • Wood spurge
  • Wormwood

Medicinal plants, Spices, and Herbal Remedies as Ayurveda in India


Medicinal plants, herbs, spices and herbal remedies are known to Ayurveda in India since long times. The value of medicinal plants, herbs and spices as herbal remedies is being lost due to lack of awareness, and deforestation. The result is many valuable medicinal herbs are becoming rare and precious information is lost. Less pollution we make, more ecological balance we maintain, will add to happiness of humankind. Preserve the knowledge of medicinal plants, herbs, spices and herbal remedies, which humankind has received from the past generations, for posterity.


History of herbal remedies is very old. Since old times before modern medicine, people became ill and suffered from various ailments. In absent of modern medicinal remedies people relied on herbal remedies derived from herbs and spices. There are many medicinal herbs and spices, which find place in day-to-day uses, many of these, are used as herbal remedies. Many cooked foods contain spices. Some minor ailments like common cold, cough, etc. may be cured by herbal remedies with use of medicinal properties of spices. Herbal remedies can be taken in many forms. Infusions are steeping herbs or spices, with parts like leaves and flowers with boiling water for some time. Filtered or unfiltered use this water extracts of spices as herbal remedies. Decoction is boiling roots, bark and hard parts of herbs and spices with water for along time. Infusion and decoction both are known as herbal teas. Some times essential oil of herbs and spices are also used as herbal remedies. Action of herbal remedies may vary from human to human and care should be observed in using it. Always inform your healthcare professional while taking any of the herbal remedies or consuming large quantity of medicinal herbs or spices as medicinal product. 

A List of Herbal Plants and Their Uses

Herbal plants is commonly used as an alternative medicine. From ancient times it is proven that some of the plants has the ability to heal a certain illness or condition. the following are list of plants and its uses as alternative medicine.
Camomile is generally made into a palatable tea or infusion and is used for relieving insomnia, nervous tension and head colds.

Valerian The root of the valerian plant is effective in the treatment of sleeplessness, depression and as a remedy for asthma. Valerian can often be purchased already ground for use.

Comfrey and garlic are regarded as miracle plants of herbal lists; comfrey is thought to possess excellent healing qualities and indeed science has proved it contains two important substances which are beneficial to health. It is possible to make a tea from comfrey but more often the leaves are eaten in a salad. It is useful as a remedy against bronchitis and as a general tonic when recuperating.

The leaves of comfrey are also believed to speed up the healing process of burns. The comfrey root is rich in fiber and is a strong laxative; however, if the ground root is added to alcohol, the resulting tincture is effective against diarrhea.

Garlic has been in use for centuries and keen herbalists regard it as 'natures antibiotic' hence its most popular use is to provide extra immunity to colds and flu. It is also highly regarded as a blood purifier. Garlic capsules are available for those who find the taste objectionable.

Lavender infusion used in a cold compress is recommended for headache. A handful of lavender in a bowl of hot water may be used to steam the face in order to clear pimples and blackheads.

Elderberry The root and flowers of elderberry plant can be used. For example, an infusion of the flowers is good for relieving asthma or for soothing sore eyes. A tincture of the root, taken in small weak doses, is an effective diuretic and laxative.

Dandelion The common dandelion contains vitamins A and C. it also has an alkaline effect on the body and is sometimes recommended for treating arthritis. Dandelion coffee is helpful in treating high cholesterol levels. This is based on one of the dandelion's important components, choline, a fat-emulsifying vitamin.

Oil of cloves is an ancient and tested form of relief for severe toothache.

Rosemary has a long story, both in cosmetics and medicine. Oil of rosemary rubbed onto the skin often relieves tension headaches and muscular soreness, and may also be applied externally for the relief of rheumatic pains.

Borage leaves are made into a tea which is helpful in many ways. It acts to keep the bladder and kidneys healthy, calms jangled nerves, helps relieve insomnia and can also be taken as a mild diuretic.

Kitchen herbs Some of the everyday kitchen herbs have beneficial qualities. A compress of thyme can be used to sooth boils, fennel is useful against constipation, and the two commonest culinary mints, spearmint and peppermint, either chewed or drunk in infusion, are believed to stop vomiting.

These are only a few of the hundreds of herbal remedies that exist and are being used.

Complications Anyone who is unfamiliar with herbs or plants should be extremely careful not to use large amounts for long periods in treating a condition. Certain plants have negative or dangerous side-effects when used incorrectly. For example, an overdose of the potent drug digitalis, which is used in patent medicines, can produce convulsions and death. Sage in heavy doses can cause a miscarriage. Massive amounts of parsley can cause hemorrhage and perpetual drinking of camomile tea can induce nausea and pronounced vertigo. It is wise to seek advice from a qualified herbalist before embarking on any curative program.

extinction of herbal plants in India


According to Botanical Survey of India (BSI), about 53 species of herbal medicinal plants, out of 18794 vascular plants so far recorded from the country, are prone to extinction due to various anthropogenic activities.


To conserve plant diversity, including medicinal plants, in general and to protect the threatened species in particular, habitat improvement is the primary measure. For this purpose, about 76.9 million ha. of country’s geographical area has been notified as forests. Plants listed as threatened receive special attention under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Cultivation of medicinal plants in degraded forest lands is supported through the schemes of the National Afforestation & Eco-development Board (NAEB).
The National Medicinal Plant Board, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) also provides financial assistance to State Governments for cultivation of prioritized Medicinal Plants. Financial assistance is also being provided to eligible organizations for activities relating to in-situ / ex-situ conservation, research & development, capacity building and setting up of herbal gardens.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Environment and Forests (I/C) Jairam Ramesh in a written reply to a question by Kamla Devi Patle in Lok Sabha Monday.